Testable Design for Positive Control Flipping Faults in Reversible Circuits

Fast computational power is a major concern in every computing system. The advancement of the fabrication process in the present semiconductor technologies provides to accommodate millions of gates per chip and is also capable of reducing the size of the chips. Concurrently, the complex circuit design always leads to high power dissipation and increases the fault rates. Due to these difficulties, researchers explore the reversible logic circuit as an alternative way to implement the low-power circuit design. It is also widely applied in recent technology trends like quantum computing. Analyzing the correct functional behavior of these circuits is an essential requirement in the testing of the circuit. This paper presents a testable design for the k-CNOT based circuit capable of diagnosing the Positive Control Flipping Faults (PCFFs) in reversible circuits. The proposed work shows that generating a single test vector that applies to the constructed design circuit is sufficient for covering the PCFFs in the reversible circuit. Further, the parity-bit operations are augmented to the constructed testable circuit that produces the parity-test pattern to extract the faulty gate location of PCFFs. Various reversible benchmark circuits are used for evaluating the experimental results to establish the correctness of the proposed fault diagnosis technique. Also a comparative analysis is performed with the existing work

Integrating Natural Language Processing (NLP) with existing library framework in enhancing level of users' satisfaction

Introduction: Libraries are the storehouse of information instilling knowledge into human minds. The easy availability of information from online sources has barred users from visiting the library physically. To keep the users intact within the physical confines of a library, there is a need for libraries to evolve through the implementation of state-of-the-art techniques. Purpose- The purpose of this study is to develop a theoretical framework and conceptual background for applying natural language processing (NLP) in library and information science (LIS) to improve library services and related research. This study also aims to identify the LIS areas where NLP can use and implement one such area to provide efficient services. Research Problem- This study integrates natural language processing with the existing library framework to enhance the satisfaction level of the users. The objective- The primary objective of this study is to amalgamate natural language processing in library libraries by identifying the areas of improvement. Methodology- This study uses a conceptual paradigm by systematic observation of NLP facts in accentuating library services. This study aims to make libraries more efficient in providing dedicated resources and services to users by implementing NLP techniques. The data for this study were collected from secondary sources and analyzed to obtain meaningful insights. Findings- Considering the staggering amount of informative data that a library has to deal with, NLP can be brought to mainstream libraries to develop numerous models to provide better services to its users. NLP not only supplements library services but also helps make research more inclusive of applications such as keyword extraction, translation, and summarization. The library is a service-oriented organization, and to provide better services, NLP should be taught and implemented in information science education